Academic Research & Reports

Name	Purpose	Lifetime	Type	Provider
CookieConsent	Saves your consent to using cookies.	1 year	HTML	Website
fe_typo_user	Assigns your browser to a session on the server.	session	HTTP	Website

With the help of these cookies we strive to improve our offer for our users. By means of anonymized data of website users we can optimize the user flow. This enables us to improve ads and website content.

Name	Purpose	Lifetime	Type	Provider
_pk_id	Used to store a few details about the user such as the unique visitor ID.	13 months	HTML	Matomo
_pk_ref	Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website.	6 months	HTML	Matomo
_pk_ses	Short lived cookie used to temporarily store data for the visit.	30 minutes	HTML	Matomo
_pk_cvar	Short lived cookie used to temporarily store data for the visit.	30 minutes	HTML	Matomo
_pk_hsr	Short lived cookie used to temporarily store data for the visit.	30 minutes	HTML	Matomo
DSID	Google: Security, Functionality, Advertising for AdSense, Campaign Manager, Google Ad Manager, Google Analytics, Display + Video 360, Search Ads 360	2 weeks	HTML	Google
test_cookie	Google: Functionality for AdSense, Campaign Manager, Google Ad Manager, Google Analytics, Display + Video 360, Search Ads 360	15 minutes	HTML	Google
IDE	Google: Advertising for Campaign Manager, Display + Video 360, Google Ad Manager, Google Analytics, Search Ads 360	24 months	HTML	Google
FPLC	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics	20 hours	HTML	Google
FPID	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics	2 years	HTML	Google
GA_OPT_OUT	Google: Functionality for Google Analytics	7 years	HTML	Google
__utma	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics	2 years	HTML	Google
__utmb	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics	30 minutes	HTML	Google
__utmc	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics	session	HTML	Google
__utmt	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics	10 minutes	HTML	Google
__utmz	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics	6 months	HTML	Google
__utmv	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics	2 years	HTML	Google
_ga	Used to distinguish users.	2 years	HTML	Google
_gat	Used to throttle request rate.	1 minute	HTML	Google
_gat_--custom-name--	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics	1 minute	HTML	Google
_gid	Used to distinguish users.	24 hours	HTML	Google
_ga_--container-id--	Persists session state.	2 years	HTML	Google
_dc_gtm_--property-id--	Used by DoubleClick (Google Tag Manager) to help identify the visitors by either age, gender or interests.	1 minute	HTML	Google
_gaexp	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics, Optimize	93 days	HTML	Google
_gaexp_rc	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics, Optimize	10 seconds	HTML	Google
_opt_awcid	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics, Optimize	24 hours	HTML	Google
_opt_awmid	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics, Optimize	24 hours	HTML	Google
_opt_awgid	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics, Optimize	24 hours	HTML	Google
_opt_awkid	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics, Optimize	24 hours	HTML	Google
_opt_utmc	Google: Analytics for Google Analytics, Optimize	24 hours	HTML	Google
_gac_--property-id--	Contains campaign related information for the user. If you have linked your Google Analytics and Google Ads accounts, Google Ads website conversion tags will read this cookie unless you opt-out.	90 days	HTML	Google
AMP_TOKEN	Contains a token that can be used to retrieve a Client ID from AMP Client ID service. Other possible values indicate opt-out, request in progress or an error retrieving a Client ID from AMP Client ID service.	1 year	HTML	Google
MUID	Used as unique user identifier. The cookie allows user tracking across many Microsoft domains.	1 year	HTML	Bing
MUIDB	Saves anonymous user data from multiple website visits on multiple sites to test advertisement efficiency.	1 year	HTML	Bing
_fbp	Stores the unique visitor ID.	28 days	HTML	facebook
facebookPixel	If JavaScript is not enabled, this pixel initiates a connection to facebook.	none	Pixel	facebook
__RequestVerificationToken	The cookie is used to implement anti-forgery concerning Microsoft-forms on the website.	session	HTTP	Microsoft
AADNonce.forms	The cookie is used to implement Microsoft-forms on the website.	session	HTTP	Microsoft
DcLcid	The cookie is used to implement Microsoft-forms on the website.	3 months	HTTP	Microsoft
MSFPC	The cookie allows user tracking across many Microsoft domains and is used for Bing Analytics.	1 year	HTML	Microsoft
UID	The cookie is used for market and user research (Scorecard Research).	2 years	HTML	Slideshare
UIDR	The cookie is used for market and user research (Scorecard Research).	2 years	HTML	Slideshare
bcookie	Browser Identifier cookie to uniquely identify devices accessing LinkedIn to detect abuse on the platform.	2 years	HTML	Slideshare
lang	Used to memorize a user's language setting.	session	HTML	Slideshare
__eoi	Google: Security for AdSense, AdSense for Search, Display + Video 360, Google Ad Manager, Google Ads	6 months	HTML	Google
NID	Google: Security, Analytics, Functionality, Advertising for AdSense for Search, Google Ads	6 months	HTML	Google
__gads	Google: Advertising for AdSense, Display + Video 360, Google Ad Manager, Google Ads	13 months	HTML	Google
pm_sess	Google: Security, Functionality for Campaign Manager, Display + Video 360, Google Ads, Search Ads 360	30 minutes	HTML	Google
pm_sess_NNN	Google: Security, Functionality for Campaign Manager, Display + Video 360, Google Ads, Search Ads 360	30 minutes	HTML	Google
aboutads_sessNNN	Google: Security, Functionality for Campaign Manager, Display + Video 360, Google Ads, Search Ads 360	30 minutes	HTML	Google
FPAU	Google: Analytics, Advertising for Campaign Manager, Display + Video 360, Google Ads, Search Ads 360	90 days	HTML	Google
ANID	Google: Advertising for Campaign Manager, Display + Video 360, Google Ads, Search Ads 360	24 months	HTML	Google
AID	Google: Analytics, Advertising for Campaign Manager, Display + Video 360, Google Ads, Search Ads 360	24 months	HTML	Google
TAID	Google: Analytics, Advertising for Campaign Manager, Display + Video 360, Google Ads, Search Ads 360	14 days	HTML	Google
_gcl_au	Used by Google AdSense to experiment with advertisement efficiency.	90 days	HTML	Google
RUL	Google: Advertising for Display + Video 360, Google Ads	12 months	HTML	Google
FPGCLAW	Google: Analytics, Advertising for Google Ads	90 days	HTML	Google
FPGCLGB	Google: Analytics, Advertising for Google Ads	90 days	HTML	Google
_gcl_gb	Google: Analytics, Advertising for Google Ads	90 days	HTML	Google
_gac_gb_--wpid--	Google: Analytics, Advertising for Google Ads	90 days	HTML	Google
_gcl_aw	Google: Analytics, Advertising for Google Ads	90 days	HTML	Google
1P_JAR	Google: Advertising for Google Ads	30 days	HTML	Google
Conversion	Google: Advertising for Google Ads	90 days	HTML	Google
YSC	Google: Security for Google Ads, YouTube	session	HTML	Google
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE	Google: Security, Advertising for Google Ads, YouTube	180 days	HTML	Google
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE__k	Google: Security, Advertising for Google Ads, YouTube	180 days	HTML	Google
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE__default	Google: Security, Advertising for Google Ads, YouTube	180 days	HTML	Google

Name	Purpose	Lifetime	Type	Provider
GoogleMaps	Is used to connect to Google Maps and to display those maps.	none	Connection	Google
YouTube	Is used to connect to YouTube and to display videos.	none	Connection	YouTube
MicrosoftStream	Is used to connect to Microsoft Stream and display videos.	none	Connection	MicrosoftStream
Signature_Api	Is used to connect to the Microsoft signature API.	session	HTTP	MicrosoftStream
Authorization_Api	Is used to connect to the Microsoft authorization API.	session	HTTP	MicrosoftStream
RedirectToThinEmbed	Is used to embed Microsoft Stream videos.	session	HTTP	MicrosoftStream
UserSession_Api	Is used to store the user session of the Microsoft API.	session	HTTP	MicrosoftStream
wfeSessionId	Is used to store the Web Front End Session ID of Microsoft Stream.	session	HTTP	MicrosoftStream
__cf_bm	Required to see Vimeo content.	1 year	HTTP	Vimeo
OptanonAlertBoxClosed	Saves the state of your Vimeo data protection consent.	1 year	HTML	Vimeo
OptanonConsent	Saves the state of your Vimeo data protection consent.	1 year	HTML	Vimeo
player	This cookie saves your preferences before playing an embedded Vimeo video. This will bring you back to your preferred settings the next time you watch a Vimeo video.	1 year	HTML	Vimeo
vuid	This cookie gathers information about your actions on websites embedding Vimeo videos.	2 years	HTML	Vimeo
_abexps	This cookie remembers your settings. Settings can include language, region or login user. In general this cookie saves data about how you use Vimeo.	1 year	HTML	Vimeo
continuous_play_v3	This cookie is a first-party cookie from Vimeo. The cookie collects information on how you use the Vimeo service. For example, the cookie saves when you pause and play a video again.	2 years	HTML	Vimeo

Academic Research & Reports

Categories

Regions

Ecology and conservation under ageing and declining human populations

Journal of Applied Ecology

Does Increasing Concentration Hit Poorer Areas More? A Study of Retail Petroleum Markets

The Journal of Industrial Economics

The new legalities of Islamic contractual interpretation: Institutional Frameworks and the Displacement of Intention.

International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management

China's infrastructure investments in Africa: An imperative for attaining sustainable development goals or a debt-trap?

The British Accounting Review

Responsibility to defend Earth as a core principle of the planetary defense security regime

Nature Communications

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